Factors Associated with Disaster Response Self-Efficacy among Nursing Students in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33755/jkk.v12i2.1009Keywords:
Disaster, Nursing Students, Self-EfficacyAbstract
Background: Disaster preparedness is a critical competency for nursing students, as they are expected to respond effectively in emergency and disaster situations. However, the level of disaster response self-efficacy (DRSE) and its associated factors among nursing students in Indonesia remain unclear. This study aimed to identify factors associated with DRSE among nursing students.
Design: A cross-sectional design was used.
Methods: This study involved 234 students from a university in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected in May 2023 using the Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale (DRSES) and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression.
Results: The mean DRSES score was 3.31 (SD=0.66). Age was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r=0.188, p=0.004). Significant differences were also found for academic level (t=-4.974, p<0.001), disaster experience (t=-2.613, p=0.010), disaster organization involvement (t=-2.231, p=0.027), disaster training (t=-2.883, p=0.004), and disaster course participation (t=-3.320, p=0.001). Academic level emerged as the only significant determinant of DRSE (β=0.293, 95% CI [0.166 to 0.626], p<0.001). The overall model was statistically significant (p<0.001), explaining 15.6% of the variance.
Conclusions: DRSE among nursing students was moderate, with academic level as the primary determinant. The findings underscore the need for curriculum enhancement through structured disaster education, simulation-based training, and experiential learning to better prepare nursing students for real-world disaster response
References
1. Romanello M, Di Napoli C, Drummond P, Green C, Kennard H, Lampard P, et al. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: Health at the mercy of fossil fuels. Lancet. 2022;400(10363):1619–54.
2. Leppold C, Gibbs L, Block K, Reifels L, Quinn P. Public health implications of multiple disaster exposures. Lancet Public Heal. 2022;7(3):e274–86.
3. Stimpson JP, Rashed AL, Pandya J, Baudot EC, Whitfill J, Ortega AN. Health equity in the wake of disasters and extreme weather: Evidence from an umbrella review. Heal Aff Sch. 2025;3(11):qxaf207.
4. Kent S, Jordan A, Ingram-Martin P, Stewart D, Filise MI. Unheard voices: The critical role of nurses and midwives in climate resilience and disaster preparedness in Small Island Developing States. Nurs Outlook. 2025;73(5):102530.
5. Farokhzadian J, Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Farahmandnia H, Taskiran Eskici G, Soltani Goki F. Exploring the consequences of nurses’ involvement in disaster response: Findings from a qualitative content analysis study. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):74.
6. Ličen S, Prosen M. Disaster nursing competencies in a time of global conflicts and climate crises: A cross-sectional survey study. Int Nurs Rev. 2025;72(2):e70052.
7. Nikitara M, Kalu A, Latzourakis E, Constantinou CS, Velonaki VS. Training nurses for disasters: A systematic review on self-efficacy and preparedness. Healthcare. 2025;13(24):3323.
8. Koca B, Arkan G. The effect of the disaster management training program among nursing students. Public Health Nurs. 2020;37(5):769–77.
9. Geng C, Luo Y, Pei X, Chen X. Simulation in disaster nursing education: A scoping review. Nurse Educ Today. 2021;107:105119.
10. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company; 1997.
11. Pierce B, Allen J, van de Mortel T. Undergraduate nursing students’ self-efficacy in clinical teaching: A cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:1519.
12. Kim SH. A psychometric validation of the Korean version of disaster response self-efficacy scale for nursing students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):2804.
13. İşleyen EK, Demirkaya Z. Relationship between disaster response self-efficacy and disaster preparedness in nursing students: After-earthquake study. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2024;18:e83.
14. Hasan MK, Beeva S, Hasan F, Sagor MMR, Purba ZA, Maruf MSH, et al. Disaster response self-efficacy of nursing students: Perceived level and associated factors. Nurse Educ Today. 2024;139:106254.
15. Taşkıran Eskici G, Soltani Goki F, Farokhzadian J. Empowering future nurses: A comparative study of nursing students’ disaster literacy and response self-efficacy in Türkiye and Iran. BMC Emerg Med. 2025;25:55.
16. Shubayr N, Ahmed S, Otif M, Hussain M, Khalid H, Bashiri W, et al. Radiological disaster response self-efficacy of final-year nursing students and interns at Jazan University, Saudi Arabia. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):407.
17. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–60.
18. Li HY, Bi RX, Zhong QL. The development and psychometric testing of a Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;59:16–20.
19. Heinze G, Dunkler D. Five myths about variable selection. Transpl Int. 2017;30(1):6–10.
20. Korkmaz EK, Toraman AU. The effect of repeated simulation-based disaster education on nursing students’ self-efficacy in disaster response. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:1433.
21. Bayageldi NK, Kaloğlu Binici D. Are nursing students ready to respond to disasters? A study on self-efficacy of nursing students to apply psychological first aid. Nurse Educ Today. 2024;143:106367.
22. Bahadır Yılmaz E. Evaluating the effectiveness of psychological first aid training for disaster nursing: A mixed-method study. BMC Nurs. 2025;24:1355.
23. Yildirim M, Bozdağ F, Başdaş Ö. Experiences of nursing students providing support in disaster areas: A qualitative study. Public Health Nurs. 2024;41(6):1622–32.
24. Yildiz CÇ, Yildirim D. The effects of disaster nursing education program on beliefs in general disaster preparedness, disaster response self-efficacy, and psychological resilience in nursing students: A single-blind, randomized controlled study. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2022;43(5):287–91.
25. Durmus M, Durmus A, Demıralp N, Gul S, Demıralp K. The impact of the search and rescue training in nursing on disaster perception and disaster response self-efficacy: A mixed-methods study. BMC Nurs. 2026;article in press.
26. Dastyar N, Nazari M, Rafati F. Design, implement, and evaluate a short-term blended training program on nursing students’ disaster response self-efficacy in Iran. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2023;17:e382.
27. Erkin Ö, Konakçı G, Arkan G. The effect of disaster nursing course on nursing students’ perceptions of disaster awareness, preparedness, response self-efficacy. J Disaster Risk. 2023;6(4):1234–46.
28. Hung MSY, Lam SKK, Chow MCM, Ng WWM, Pau OK. The effectiveness of disaster education for undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge, willingness, and perceived ability: An evaluation study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(19):10545.
